Electrical Energy In The Home Engineering Essay

Electrical Energy In The Home Engineering Essay Electricity is an essential energy source for modern living. Disruption to supply or isolation can lead to the development of alternative methods of obtaining this essential energy resource. For electrical energy to be useful it must be harnessed through the use of an electrical circuit and an energy-converting appliance. As electricity became increasingly used as the main power supply in homes and electrical appliances became an integral part of daily life for many Australians, the dangers associated with electricity became more prominent. Voltages as low as 20 volts can be dangerous to the human body depending on the health of the person and length of time of contact with the current. Safety devices in household appliances and within the electric circuits in the home can prevent electrical injury or assist in reducing the potential for electric shock. This module increases students understanding of the history, nature and practice of physics and the applications and uses of physics. Electrical Energy in the Home 1. Society has become increasingly dependent on electricity over the last 200 years Discuss how the main sources of domestic energy have changed over time The main sources of domestic energy have changed greatly through the years. As population grew each new energy sources gave more power, more wealth, better living conditions and more opportunity for humans. Assess some of the impacts of changes in, and increased access to, sources of energy for a community Before only man power was used, there was hardly any leisure time, but due to industrialization, there has been a lot of mass production which has greatly decreased human effort and giving us more leisure time. Discuss some of the ways in which electricity can be provided in remote locations Some sources of energy for remote places are:- Diesel generators A diesel powered engine drive an electrical generator Solar cells A solar cell converts sunlight directly to electricity which can be stored in batteries for night use. Wind Turbines Generate electricity from the power of the wind. Identify data sources, gather, process and analyse secondary information about the differing views of Volta and Galvani about animal and chemical electricity and discuss whether their different views contributed to increased understanding of electricity. www.wikipedia.org Luigi Galvani conducted a series of experiments with animals, beginning with dissected frogs. Galvani carried out a wide ranging series of experiments which found that there were convulsive movements of the frog when two metals were made to touch each other while one metal was in contact with a nerve and the other was in contact with a muscle of the frog. Galvani came to the conclusion that the electricity was inherent in the animal itself. According to Galvani, this conclusion was strengthened by an observation that a kind of circuit of a delicate nerve fluid is made from the nerves to the muscles when the phenomenon of contractions is produced, similar to the electric circuit which is completed in a Leyden jar(2). The diagram to the left illustrates Galvanis theory (3). Galvani published the results of his experiments in a book called (Commentary on the Effect of Electricity on Muscular Motion). When Alessandro Volta read Galvanis Commentary, however, he came to a different conclusion. Volta focused on the two different kinds of metal used in the basic versions of Galvanis experiments. The diagram to the left shows Voltas theory that the electricity originated in the bimetal arc itself, here drawn in two distinctly different shades, and that the resulting flow of electricity produced the muscular contractions (3). Voltas subsequent experiments led to the development of the voltaic cellsimilar to a modern-day car batteryand to the development of the field of electrochemistry. Much of our current knowledge of chemical reactions can be traced almost directly to the experiments of Galvani and Volta. Electrical Energy in the Home 2. One of the main advantages of electricity is that is can be moved with comparative ease from one place to another through electric circuits Describe the behaviour of electrostatic charges and the properties of the fields associated with them Electro static charges push or pull each other. There are forces between them: Same charges: Repel Opposite Charges: Attract Field between two charged plates The forces are best explained by imagining that each electric charge is surrounded by a force field. Any electric charge that is placed within the field will experience a force. By definition the direction of the force field lines is the direction a positive (+VE) charge would move if placed in the field. Define the unit of electric charge as the coulomb The unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C). 1 coulomb of charge is a very large amount, so microcoulombs(uC) are commonly used. 1(uC)=1 times 10 to the power of -6 C Define the electric field as a field of force with a field strength equal to the force per unit charge at that point: à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¸ = electric field strength (Newton/coulomb) (NC-1) à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¹ = force (Newton) (N) à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ¾ = electric charge (coulomb) (C) Since force is measured in newtons (N), and charge is in coulombs (C), it follows that the unit of electric field strength is the newton per coulomb (NC to the power of -1). This means if a charge Q experiences an electric force F, then there must be an electric field present, and its strength is F/Q. Define electric current as the rate at which charge flows (coulombs/ second or amperes) under the influence of an electric field Current is the rate at which charge flows. 1 ampere = 1 coulomb/second Conventional current runs from + to -. The electron movement is in the opposite direction of conventional current. Identify that current can be either direct with the net flow of charge carriers moving in one direction or alternating with the charge carriers moving backwards and forwards periodically Direct Current: If the electric field is constant, then the charge will flow steadily in one direction. This is called direct current (DC) e.g. Batteries. Alternating Current: If a fields keeps reversing its direction, so does the current. The charges will move back and forth. This is called alternating current (AC). Generators produce AC. Describe electric potential difference (voltage) between two points as the change in potential energy per unit charge moving from one point to the other (joules/coulomb or volts) Discuss how potential difference changes at different points around a DC circuit Decreases as it move around the circuit. Identify the difference between conductors and insulators Conductor: A conductor is something with low resistance, thus current can flow through it easily. Generally metals are good conductors. Silver and Gold are excellent conductors, but we mostly use copper and aluminium for electrical wiring, this is because they are nearly as good as conductors and a lot cheaper. Insulator: An insulator is mostly a total opposite of a conductor. It has very high resistance, thus which impedes current flow. Example of good insulators includes glass, plastic, and paper. Although their resistance is very high, its all a matter of Ohms Law. If a large enough voltage is applied, even a good insulator can break down and allow current to flow. Define resistance as the ratio of voltage to current for a particular conductor: The unit of resistance is called the Ohm. The symbol used is the greek letter omiga. How this relates to voltage and current is due to Ohms Law. Describe qualitatively how each of the following affects the movement of electricity through a conductor: length Everything else being equal, the longer conductor has more resistance, thus meaning less conductivity. cross sectional area The larger the cross-sectional area, the less resistance, thus meaning greater conductivity. temperature Generally in metals, the hotter they get, the more resistance they develop, thus meaning increasing conductivity. material Metals are mostly good conductors while things such as glass and plastic are poor. Present diagrammatic information to describe the electric field strength and direction: between charged parallel plates about and between a positive and negative point charge Solve problems and analyse information using: Plan, choose equipment for and perform a first-hand investigation to gather data and use the available evidence to show the relationship between voltage across and current in a DC circuit Solve problems and analyse information applying: Plan, choose equipment for and perform a first-hand investigation to gather data and use the available evidence to show the variations in potential difference between different points around a DC circuit Gather and process secondary information to identify materials that are commonly used as conductors to provide household electricity www.wikipedia.com Copper: A ductile, malleable, reddish-brown metallic element that is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity and is widely used for electrical wiring, water piping, and corrosion-resistant parts, either pure or in alloys such as brass and bronze. Atomic number 29; atomic weight 63.54; melting point 1,083 °C; boiling point 2,595 °C; specific gravity 8.96; valence 1, 2. Aluminium: (Symbol Al) A silvery-white, ductile metallic element, the most abundant in the earths crust but found only in combination, chiefly in bauxite. Having good conductive and thermal properties, it is used to form many hard, light, corrosion-resistant alloys. Atomic number 13; atomic weight 26.98; melting point 660.2 °C; boiling point 2,467 °C; specific gravity 2.69; valence 3. Electrical Energy in the Home 3. Series and parallel circuits serve different purposes in households Identify the difference between series and parallel circuits Series Circuit: In a series circuit all the components are connected in series or connected one after the other, where the current can only take a single path. If 3 light bulbs are in a series circuit, the light bulbs are either all on, or all off. They cannot be switched independently. If one bulb burn out the circuit is broken and they all go out. Parallel Circuits: In a parallel circuit all components are arranged in separate branches of the circuit. Where the current can take multiple paths. If 3 bulbs are arranged in a parallel circuit, at each branch the current divides and flows through one bulb only and each bulb can be switched on/off separately, and if one burns out, the others continue to work. Compare parallel and series circuits in terms of voltage across components and current through them In series circuits the current is the same throughout the circuit i.e. IT = I1 = I2. Voltages are different across different resistors, but they add up to the for the circuit i.e. VT = V1 + V2. In parallel circuits the voltages are all the same across each resistor i.e. VT = V1 = V2 = V3. Currents are different in each branch but add to the total current i.e. IT = I1 + I2 + I3. Identify uses of ammeters and voltmeters Ammeters: An instrument for the measurement of electric current. The unit of current, the ampere, is the base unit on which rests the International System (SI) definitions of all the electrical units. The operating principle of an ammeter depends on the nature of the current to be measured and the accuracy required. Currents may be broadly classified as direct current (dc), low-frequency alternating current (ac), or radio frequency. Voltmeters: An instrument for the measurement of the electric potential difference between two conductors. Many different kinds of instruments are available to suit different purposes. Explain why ammeters and voltmeters are connected differently in a circuit Ammeters measure the current, thus they would have to be placed series with the component you wish to measure current flow through. Voltmeters are placed differently in a circuit as it measures the potential difference across a component and therefore must be placed in parallel with it. Explain why there are different circuits for lighting, heating and other appliances in a house In a typical modern home is wired to contain a number of separate circuits. Each circuit may contain lights or power outlets and all of them are wired in parallel. The reason why mostly everything is wired in parallel is because it has many advantages, such advantages are that they can be switched on and off independently. If one burns out the other keep going and the total resistance of the parallel circuit is less, and more usable power can be delivered to each light or appliance. Plan, choose equipment or resources for and perform first-hand investigations to gather data and use available evidence to compare measurements of current and voltage in series and parallel circuits in computer simulations or hands-on equipment Plan, choose equipment or resources and perform a first-hand investigation to construct simple model household circuits using electrical components Electrical Energy in the Home 4. The amount of power is related to the rate at which energy is transformed Explain that power is the rate at which energy is transformed from one form to another Mathematically power = energy divide by time so P = E/t or E = P.t Identify the relationship between power, potential difference and current P = VI Power = Voltage x Current P = E/t Power = Energy/Time Power is measured in Watts (W). Identify that the total amount of energy used depends on the length of time the current is flowing and can be calculated using: Energy = VIt If you combine the equation P= VI and P=E/t then it follows that VI=E/t and therefore, E=V.I.t Explain why the kilowatt-hour is used to measure electrical energy consumption rather than the joule The reason why the kilowatt-hour which is a unit of energy which is the expenditure of one kilowatt of power for one hour. The reason why this is used instead of joules is because electrical is consumed widely and extensively meaning large amount of consumption, the appropriate measurement for such a large amount of consumption, kilowatt-hour is the most appropriate measurement unit. Perform a first-hand investigation, gather information and use available evidence to demonstrate the relationship between current, voltage and power for a model 6V to 12V electric heating coil Solve problems and analyse information using: P=VI and Energy = VIt Question: If electricity cots 15c per kWh calculate i) the energy consumed ii) the cost of using: a 100W globe and a 1kW radiator for 3 hours. Solution: i) (100 + 1000) ÃÆ'- 3 ÃÆ'- 60 ÃÆ'- 60= 11880000J OR 11.88MJ ii) 1.1kW ÃÆ'- 3 ÃÆ'- 0.15 = $0.495 Electrical Energy in the Home 5. Electric currents also produce magnetic fields and these fields are used in different devices in the home Describe the behaviour of the magnetic poles of bar magnets when they are brought close together Define the direction of the magnetic field at a point as the direction of force on a very small north magnetic pole when placed at that point Describe the magnetic field around pairs of magnetic poles There is always a North-pole and there is always a South-pole. Magnetic fields are always shown visually as lines of force that give a definite pole at each end of the material where the flux lines are more dense and concentrated. The lines which go to make up a magnetic field showing the direction and intensity are called Lines of Force or more commonly Magnetic Flux and are given the Greek symbol, Phi (  ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  ) as shown below. Describe the production of a magnetic field by an electric current in a straight current-carrying conductor and describe how the right hand grip rule can determine the direction of current and field lines When current is passed through a conductor, a magnetic field is created around it. The direction of the magnetic field can be found using the right hand rule. Point your right hand thumb in the direction of the current and the direction of your fingers is the direction of the magnetic field. Compare the nature and generation of magnetic fields by solenoids and a bar magnet In a solenoid the wire is wrapped into a helix or coil, the magnetic field in each loop adds to its neighbours to intensify the field. The magnetic field of a solenoid is exactly the same shape as a bar magnet. Plan, choose equipment or resources for, and perform a first-hand investigation to build an electromagnet Perform a first-hand investigation to observe magnetic fields by mapping lines of force: around a bar magnet surrounding a straight DC current-carrying conductor a solenoid present information using and to show the direction of a current and direction of a magnetic field Identify data sources, gather, process and analyse information to explain one application of magnetic fields in household appliances Electrical Energy in the Home 6. Safety devices are important in household circuits Discuss the dangers of an electric shock from both a 240 volt AC mains supply and various DC voltages, from appliances, on the muscles of the body An electric shock form a 240 volt AC mains supple can kill a person while various DC voltages form appliances for example 50V can disrupt nerve signals and send your muscles into spasms and if the muscle involved in your heart, it can go into fibrillation where it quivers uncontrollably and does not pump blood properly.a potentially lethal situation. Describe the functions of circuit breakers, fuses, earthing, double insulation and other safety devices in the home A fuse is a short piece of wire which is used to break circuits as this has a low melting point and if an excess of current flows through it, it gets hot, which it then melts and thereby breaks the circuit. Circuit breakers on the other hand do the same job as a fuse, but can be re-set after a circuit overload causes them to trip. Earthing is where a power point and most plugs have 3 slots/pins the 3rd is for the earth wire. The earth wire carries no current and does nothing. But, if however a loose wire or faulty insulation allows an appliance to become live with electricity, then the current is conducted safely by the earth wire down into the ground. Double insulation is when two layers of insulation which is used to shield electrical circuits form human contact, so if a fault occurred in small hand-held appliance, even with a earth wire a person can still get shocked.

Ethics and Values in sport Essay

My name is Monique Stanley, I have been recently appointed Assistant Club Development Officer in the local Sports and leisure department. My role is varied and challenging with major focus on Ethics and Values in sport and the ever increasing role sports plays in many aspects of society. This includes; * Ensuring local sports clubs are aware of the need to be equitable and ‘child friendly’ * Helping clubs develop codes of practice that govern all members * Ensuring all clubs are aware of the principles, values and ethics associated with sport * Helping organisations access funding opportunities * Ensuring barriers to participation are reduced for all sedctors of society Sport plays an important role in the development of young people, it has been proven when sports and physical activities are included in Education. Children learn new skills in life, for example building confidence, accepting rules,making decisions, team working,communication skill,leadership,discipline and one I find important in sport ‘ Fair Play’. I could go on giving more skills sports develops, but i have just pointed out a few. Ethics in the sports environment is described as rules (i.e. Code of Conduct) that should be followed by all participants in sports. Ethics promote discipline and keep sporting environments fair and fun. Ethics give an equal opportunity for everyone. Values in sport is your involvement and belief that sport should be enjoyable and respectful. Respect is important in sport as you should always respect the rules, the officials,the other people participating and yourself. You should always treat others how you would like to be treated No matter what their Race, Disability, Gender, or Age. Ethics and Values are important because they rule out Right from Wrong. If your club has a strong commitment towards values and ethics in sport then it will become a bigger more enjoyable and comfortable enviroment for participants.This will interest more and more young people it will also bring the club more revenue for more sports facilities. So having stong commitment towards Ethics and Values pays off. The consequences of not giving sufficient attention to Ethics and Values can be a major disadvantage, as it can lead to young people leaving your club, your club will not be promoted well, therefore the club will lose out by money and participants, therefore the facilities will be poor and it could even result in the club being closed down. Ethics and Values are a part of the sporting world.

The Prevention Of Violence And Discrimination Based On...

Committee: GA3 - The Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee Issue: The prevention of violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity Student Officer: Sarah Lim Position: Chair of the Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee ________________________________________ Introduction: Gender identity and sexual orientation is one of the more stigmatized and marginalized aspects of self-expression for any human in our society today. A state or country with a more liberal take on the expression of gender identity and sexual orientation tends to be more prosperous, in terms of happiness, simply because people can freely be themselves and be with their loved ones without fear of persecution, discrimination or even†¦show more content†¦Gender Identity: An individual’s inner sense of being and ones own understanding of how one identifies either as a man, woman, neither or both. †¢ Biological sex: The physiological attributes, which determine whether a person is male, female or intersex based on anatomy, chromosomes and hormones. †¢ Gender expression: the ways in which a person expresses their gender identity by manifesting masculinity, femininity, both or neither through behavior, appearances, preferences and more. Topic Summary/Overview Before further investigation it is important to keep in mind that the LGBT community usually faces discrimination in terms of job opportunities, income, access to basic healthcare, legal recognition of same sex partners etc. however, one of the more serious difficulties the LGBT community faces would be exposure to violence and discrimination simply due to their identity and orientation. This may occur due to one’s state and judicial system or in terms of hate crimes encouraged by an anti-LGBT community along with prejudicial ties in religion and culture Often so prejudice against the LGBT community is caused by the stigmatization of homosexuality, which had previously been labeled as a mental illness, or an ailment of one’s spirit, as well as having to be strongly correlated towards AIDs due to past events. Therefore the more traditional general public sees people of the LGBT community, as well as their efforts to achieve their rights, as a threat to ones valuesShow MoreRelatedBullying Is Defined As Written, Verbal And Physical Conduct1374 Words   |  6 Pagesparticipate in or benefit from the school’s educational programs or activities by placing the student or students in reasonable fear of physical harm (glsen.org). This includes conduct that is based on a student’s actual or perceived race, color, national origin, sex, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, religion or any other distinguishing characteristics that may be included by the state or local educational agency. This also i ncludes association with a person or group withRead MoreThe Reasons behind Homosexual Discrimination1214 Words   |  5 Pagesencounter more people who â€Å"mind† than heterosexuals. This particular discrimination has been occurring for decades all across the globe; however it became prominent in the United States in the 1950s. In 1953, under President Eisenhower, it was decided that homosexuality was a sufficient enough reason in itself to fire people from federal jobs. This executive order stood from 1953 until 1993, providing support to the idea that discrimination in employment ranked as the worst type of persecution gay peopleRead MoreGay And Lesbian Students Should Not Be Made A Victim Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pagesexcluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. Even while this law is intact bullying is still prevalent in our school systems, p articularly targeted towards lesbian, gay, and transgendered students. 2011 National School Survey reported 63.5% of students felt unsafe at school because of their sexual orientation. 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Summery and Response of Webster’s Article on Archeology in...

In Webster’s article, she talks about the different things that make Beowulf the poem what it is today. In her article she talks about different things like swords, shields, halls, and cultures. She takes these subjects and talks about where they originated and why they are in the poem. She takes the poem and breaks it down into the different subjects, and shows the reader how they add to the texture of the poem. Webster ends her article by stating that the poem would not be what it was today without these subjects, and these subjects were the reason that Beowulf has so much texture. The author, in this case Leslie Webster, did a very good job of persuading the readers that these subjects were the only things that brought texture to the†¦show more content†¦This makes it easier for the reader to understand and comprehend what she is saying. When Webster talks about a subject, she has so much information that she simply puts that subject into its own category and just lets it be. This helps to keep the subjects from running together, and this helps the reader because the they only have to read about one subject at a time instead of having them all run together. Second, Webster does an amazing job at backing up her information. After she states a point or introduces a subject, she presents the information about that subject and backs it up with facts. For example, she introduces the topic of helmets. Once she does this, Webster starts to talk about how helmets came from the Germanic warrior. She does this throughout her whole article. This helps the readers to understand where exactly all the information they are reading about is coming from. This also brings a whole other aspect to Beowulf in that it shows the readers where everything came from. The poem Beowulf was written so long ago and by an unknown author; therefore, having all this information helps the reader to understand what is happening in the poem and really shows the reader where wha t they are reading about is coming from. Another example of her providing this information is when she is talking about the mail-coats and how they originated around the tenth century. The last thing that really helps prove Webster is

Mahatma Gandhis Leadership Styles - 1655 Words

INTRODUCTION Leadership is about casting a vision and allowing it to seep into others so that they follow the lead. Mahatma Gandhi is a world renowned leader who was a politician, a writer, an intellectual and a gifted orator. I find it incredible that as a young boy, Gandhi did not display any leadership qualities. He was a below average student (lack-luster) and very shy. His remarkable metamorphosis from a dull boy to a brilliant leader attests to the fact that good leaders are made. He has inspired and motivated great leaders such as Albert Einstein, Nelson Mandela and Barack Obama. Gandhi championed passionately for four main causes: India’s independence from Great Britain, Hindu – Muslim unity, the causes of the poor and equality and†¦show more content†¦I marvel at his ability to inspire and influence masses and his modesty and sobriety despite wielding massive influence. His epic moment and the most successful campaign against the British was the salt march when tho usands of followers joined him on a 400 km march. RELATIONS - ORIENTED / PEOPLE-CENTRIC To be a good leader, one needs to have soft skills in order be to construct bridges of empathy with people. Gandhi had a knack for knowing the issues that were affecting his followers and he always struck a significant cord that resonated with them. I think his versatility is reflected in the fact that he could appeal to the intellectuals as well as the common man. He had a solid value system from which all of his activities sprang. He also had a totally interdependent relationship with his followers. Gandhi’s humility and genuine care for his opponents as well as his followers meant that virtually everyone Gandhi met had an emotional response to the man and his actions. He took the causes for the poor and made them his own campaigns. For example, he championed for the rights of farmers, led a mill workers strike, campaigned against unfair taxes, sought to bring fair treatment to people in South Africa and campaigned against the repealing of the Salt Tax and Indian Independence itself. He believed that poverty was the worst form of violence. I am amazed at the manner in which Gandhi used fasting as a tool to reconcile quarreling parties. At the frailShow MoreRelatedLeadership Ethics : Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi And Jack Welch933 Words   |  4 Pagesthat there is no single formula for leadership, and it will be best understood from multiple perspectives (Shriberg and Shriberg, 2011). We also accept the fact that every leader leads differently. Our team has chosen three exemplary leaders of all time – Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi and Jack Welch. Each one of them has exhibited a great amount of leadership skills and up to this day are used as examples in our current globalised economics. 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He was assassinated on January 30, 1948. His father, Karamchand Ghandi served as a chief minister and his mother P utlibai was deeply religious. Gandhi grew up worshipping the Hindu god Vishnu and followed Jainism, aRead MoreMahatma Gandhi, An Inspirational And Non Violent Leader Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesMahatma Gandhi was an inspirational and non-violent leader who was instrumental in both South Africa and India during their social movements. He is now known as an international symbol of piece and human rights. Business academics throughout the world have also praised Gandhi as a pioneer of non-violent activism contributing his methods to the theory of transformational leadership. 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The number 2,555 represents the number of days in prison for civil disobedience. The number 6 represents the number of assassination attempts made. What do those numbersRead MoreMahatma Gandhi : The Hero Of The Indian Independence Struggle1723 Words   |  7 PagesMahatma Gandhi, the hero of the Indian Independence struggle, was the architect of a form of non-violent civil disobedience that would influence the world. Mahatma Gandhi studied both law and religion and advocated for the civil rights of Indians, both at home under British rule and in South Africa. Gandhi became a leader of India’s independence movement, organizing boycotts against British institutions in peaceful forms of civil disobedience Born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India, Gandhi grew

What Is Greed Free Essays

string(119) " he might not have been defeated by the allies at all, it was his greed that led to not only his bus his regimes fall\." When Does Greed Become Too Much? In 2008, employees within a failing firm on Wall Street were given $16 billion in bonuses. That seems outrageous, doesn’t it? Anger was the response of the American people indefinitely. However, if they had done further research they would have realized that the $16 billion in bonuses was merely half of what the company gave out in bonuses during good times. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Greed? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many of the reporters telling the story discussed the issue of rewarding the greed of the employees with taxpayer money. Which brings us to the question, what exactly is greed? If they would have earned more before, they are expecting the amount that is coming. It is not greed if every year before that the money had been guaranteed, is it? The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines greed as, â€Å"a selfish and excessive desire for more of something than is needed. † ________________________________________________________________________ The word greed dates back to the 1200-1300’s, where in France it came from the word avarus meaning greedy which was a form of avere meaning to crave or long for. Coming from the word avarus was avaritia which meant just greed and from that word came avarice which meant greed or covetousness (Harper, 1). Covetousness is defined as an envious eagerness to possess something(Merriam-Webster, 2). Greed from the 1600’s to present is a back formation of the word greedy which has many routes and definitions. The West Saxon word graedig or the Anglican word gredig both meant voracious or covetous (Harper, 1). Voracious is defined as wanting to devour great quantities or having a very eager approach to an activity (Merriam Webster). From the Proto-Germanic language were the words graedagaz and graeduz meaning greed and hunger; possibly from the Proto-Indo-European root gher- meaning to want or in Scotland grdh- to be greedy. The origin that the people against the Wall Street bonuses would appreciate the most would be the one from the Greek word phyilargyros meaning â€Å"money-loving† and also the German word for greedy, habsuchtig coming from haben meaning â€Å"to have† +sucht meaning â€Å"sickness, disease† (Harper, 1). The last one is the most interesting because it is suggesting that greed is something than can come and go with the right or wrong stimulants, like a sickness does. What then would one need to do to boost their immune system against this greed? Or is greed something impossible for people to avoid? From the etymology we have found that greed can be related to hunger and envy and the want to have more and more, were these definitions consistent in their use over time? In order to better understand what greed really is we need to take a moment to look back at the history of greed and how often it has occurred throughout the world. In 1527 A. D. the Spaniards had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and come across the empire of the Incas. They were on their way to the New World and they came across a raft with a crew of approximately 20 men along with many treasures. After catching a glimpse of the treasure on the raft, the greed of the Spaniards welled up until they decided to conduct an expedition to conquer the Incas’ empire. After many years of getting a crew and resources for this expedition the Spaniards finally headed into the Incas Empire in 1532 A. D. ; fortunately the conquering of the empire was easier due to the civil war of the Incas. The Spaniards took the Incas emperor hostage and in return were offered a room of silver and gold as his ransom. The Spaniards greed continued to get bigger and they took the contents of the room, but did not return the emperor, but instead killed him. The Incan people then revolted under the Spanish control (History World, 1). If the Spaniards and not been so greedy in their desire to take over the empire maybe they could have won over the people as their own; instead they were driven by greed and one man even named them thieves of the Incan people. Mansio Serra Leguizamon, the last conquistador, said: â€Å"I wish your Your Majesty to understand the motive that moves me to make this statement is the peace of my conscience and because of the guilt I share. For we have destroyed by our evil behavior such a government as was enjoyed by these natives. They were so free of crime and greed, both men and women, that they could leave gold or silver worth a hundred thousand pesos in their open house. So that when they discovered that we were thieves and men who sought to force their wives and daughters to commit sin with them, they despised us. Instances similar to that of the Spaniards and the Incas repeated themselves multiple times throughout history. From the land greed of the Europeans against the people of Africa to the land greed of the Americans against the Native Indians, those nations that progress seem to demonstrate an intense level of greed in order to get to the top. However, while this greed in particular led to the succ ess of those nations demonstrating it there have also been examples where it led to the demise of a dictator or of a group as a whole. For example, Adolf Hitler had already defeated the majority of his European enemies, the last being Great Britain. Hitler had signed a pact two years prior stating that he would not wage war on them, causing the nations to not have armed themselves. Hitler’s decision to break this agreement could only be motivated by his greed to dominate all the other countries; even if Great Britain was ten times the size of his empire. While Nazi Germany had the most powerful military at the time they were not used to the cold weather and were soon overcome by the Soviet Union troops. If Hitler had simply left the Soviet Union alone he might not have been defeated by the allies at all, it was his greed that led to not only his bus his regimes fall. You read "What Is Greed?" in category "Papers" Other examples of the fall of entire nations due to greed include the fall of the Roman Empire and the fall of Ancient Greece. A large group of historians have come to the conclusion that the majority of progress in the world is a result of the greed of more powerful nations to become even more powerful. This system is good for those progressing and bad for the smaller, less developed nations who are being taken over. Whether or not greed is moral in this aspect is another argument, but the definition of greed stated previously is most definitely applicable to these historical examples. In the example of the Spaniards and Incas it is greed because the Spaniards already had their own empire across the ocean, however they were driven by the want of more land and of the treasure of the Incas to continue on and take more than was necessary for the nation to survive. Again it seemed unnecessary for the Europeans and the Americans to take the land of the Africans and Native Indians when they already had land elsewhere, it was an unnecessary conquest. In the example of Hitler attacking the Soviet Union, it was greed because he already had a pact with them to be at peace and he broke it because he wanted more. It was not necessary for him to attack the Soviet Union but he did due to greed and the consequence of this was the demise of his regime; the same fall similar to that of the Roman Empire and Ancient Greece. It seems that throughout history the people’s perception of what greed is has remained in line to the definition from the Merriam-Webster Dictionary and this definition is consistent to the past of he word greed, just more detailed than previous definitions. It looks as though there is no way for people to avoid being greedy in its completion, whether it be wanting more candy than you need at Halloween (which was all of us at some point, I’m sure) or wanting extreme amounts of money to be paid to you from work†¦everyone has demonstrated a greedy behavior at least once in their life. This brings about th e question, is there a point to where greed becomes too overwhelming? By this I simply mean that you are not likely to hate a three year old dressed in a cowboy costume for asking for more candy when they already have a full bag on Halloween, but you might hate someone who already makes $50,000 to $100,000 a year and is receiving a bonus on top of this pay†¦when their company is failing and is being paid by bail out consisting of your tax payers dollars. Is the three year old just as guilty as the Wall Street firm employee? Most people would say no, the three year old is too young to really understand what greed is. Okay, so what about a six year old or an eight year old or a twelve year old†¦at what age does it become socially unacceptable to act in a greedy fashion? Let’s look at another comparison, but this time between people of an older age group. It’s a bright, sunny day in the city and a married couple is walking down the street when they look down and find an a hundred dollar bill. Instantly the man jumps for joy because he can finally afford some football paraphernalia he had been saving up money on the side for. The husband didn’t even think to ask the wife what she thought they should do with the money. Most people would dismiss this and say, â€Å"Oh, it’s just a hundred dollars for football stuff. Let the man be. † What if the same man worked for AIG and received a ridiculous paycheck and was asking for a bigger bonus at Christmas time to buy football paraphernalia? What’s the difference? It’s still the same man using extra or â€Å"bonus† money to buy the same football paraphernalia, but people tend to freak out when the money is coming from a company that already pays exorbitant amounts for the annual salary and then they give out a bonus in addition to this. According to the definition of greed presented by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, â€Å" a selfish and excessive desire for more of something than is needed,† both men are acting greedy. Both men from the examples are definitely presenting a selfish desire because they are going to use the extra money for themselves and football paraphernalia isn’t necessarily a necessity in everyday life. The issue of greed, similar to that of justice, seems to find its way back to jealousy and morals. What people consider too much greed depends on their view of right and wrong, and how many possessions or how much money they personally have. We may not want to admit this because we think that we have the ability to separate ourselves and judge independently, but the reality is that the majority of people are not able to do this. Sure, they may be able to present a definition-correct response and say that the three year old has bad character and is too greedy, but most people would look over the actions of a mere three year old. They may be able to say that the AIG employee is unable to determine the fate of the economy and has worked hard and deserves the bonus and should be able to do what he wants with it, but deep down they’re jealous of their higher situation and wonder if the AIG employee really deserves such high amounts of money for what they do. As a result of jealousy people tend to claim that others demonstrate too much greed. However if they looked at their own life on a day to day basis would they see that they have been greedy on smaller but much more frequent scales in comparison to the one major instance of the AIG employee? Who is anyone to judge who is too greedy when even the smallest acts of greed are still a greedy action? Maybe everyone is equally corrupt by greed but only large monetary instances are brought into the media in our society. Have we answered the initial question, when does greed become too much? Yes, we have. The common view of people today is that greed is not too much when it is a child asking for more candy on Halloween but it is too much when it is an employee receiving a $16 billion bonus. This can be simplified or abstracted into greed becomes too much when it reaches a larger, noticeable scale. In other words, greed is too much when someone is striving for something less than 10% of the population will attain. If the population had no lower class it was simply middle and higher classes, there would be more people in the higher class and therefore fewer would find greed present because it would seem more attainable. Greed is determined on the basis of what is attainable to the majority of people. Works Cited Merriam-Webster Inc. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n. d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. http://www. merriam-webster. com/. Harper, Douglas. â€Å"Online Etymology Dictionary. † Online Etymology Dictionary. N. p. , 2001. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. http://www. etymonline. com/index. php? search=greed. â€Å"HISTORY OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE. † HISTORY OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE. N. p. , n. d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. http://www. historyworld. net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories. asp? groupid=1735. Merriam-Webster Inc. â€Å"Greed. † Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n. d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/greed. â€Å"AIG Bonus Payments Controversy. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Apr. 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/AIG_bonus_payments_controversy. How to cite What Is Greed?, Papers

Julies Biscuit free essay sample

The factory back then was small, operating a single oven line. In early 1984, two brothers, Sai Ah Sai and Sai Chin Hock, were invited to take over the factory as major shareholders. Sai Chin Hocks vision played an important role in the development of the company. He purchased a second oven line in 1989, a third in 1991 and a fourth in 2004. Before the participation of the Sai brothers, the companys biscuits were marketed through wholesalers. In 1985, Markins Corporation was appointed the sole distributor in the state of Johor. Gradually, over a period of six years, Markins grew and expanded to eight branches throughout peninsular Malaysia. In the first few years of Perfect Foods operations, it sold biscuits with no brand name other than the companys own. Then in 1987, Perfect Food began to market its biscuits under the brand name Julies. As a relatively new biscuit manufacturer, Perfect Food faced some resistance from supermarkets in carrying its products. We will write a custom essay sample on Julies Biscuit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However through persistence and constant sampling exercises with the now popular Peanut Butter Sandwich, Julies earned its first supermarket entry at Pakson Grand, Johor Bahru in 1988. The following year, Julies Love Letters (wafer rolls) gained popularity (also through regular sampling exercises) and soon made their way to become the most sought-after biscuits during festive seasons, particularly Chinese New Year. To expand the opportunity of widening its brand presence in European markets and Wal-Mart outlets, Perfect Food underwent further factory upgrading in late 2005 and was awarded the British Retail Consortium food standard certification in June 2006. Also, in early 2006, Perfect Food was awarded the Industry Excellence Award 2005 by the Ministry of International Trades and Industries. In 2003, Markins revamped its distribution network and reduced to six branches. By then it had covered more than 10,000 outlets of the modern and general trade. Now it has its name changed to Julies Marketing with six branches and four sub-branches. Extracted from http://www. julies. com. my/corporateInfo1. php OUR VISION Our  Vision  is to be the leading quality biscuit manufacturer. We are confident that the quality of Julie’s biscuits matches, and in some cases better than many major renowned international brands. As such, we envisage â€Å"Julie’s† to be one of the leading brands in the international arena, in the near future. OUR MISSION Our  Mission  is to constantly upgrade our baking technology and improve the quality of our products so that we will always remain ahead of our competitors. We invest in contemporary high-speed equipment, upgraded our ovens and introduced new packaging to satisfy the various needs of the consumers. Extracted from   In rapidly developing Malaysia, the demand for better quality biscuits is on the rise. Julie’s Peanut Butter Sandwich and Love Letters (wafer rolls) are well received by Malaysians as well as overseas consumers. Julie’s has become a household name in the relatively short period. Since 2005, Julie’s biscuits have been exported to more than 50 countries, including Asean, the Middle East, Japan, Taiwan, China, Mongolia, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, India, France, Spain, Portugal, Pacific islands, Indian Ocean islands, South Korea, Africa, the US, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. In Malaysia, Julie’s biscuits are widely distributed through all major hypermarkets, supermarkets, mini markets and other retail outlets. With the goal of becoming a renowned international brand, Julie’s maintains a strong  commitment to producing better quality biscuits, catering primarily to the middle and upper class consumers. With this focused commitment, Julie’s aims to be a regional leader in quality biscuits. Extracted from http://www. julies. com. my/corporateInfo4. php